Pu-erh raw tea and ripe tea have the following differences

1. Appearance Differences:
      Raw tea typically has a greenish or dark green appearance, slightly tinged with yellow or red. If stored for a longer period, it may turn brown. Ripe tea usually appears in shades of brown, reddish-brown, dark brown, or black. The tea leaves of ripe tea are often more fragmented and less intact. The color of the brewed leaves of raw tea changes over time, transitioning from light green to light yellow, apricot yellow, dark yellow, yellowish-brown, and finally reddish-brown.
2. Different Aroma Types:
      Raw tea retains aromas such as "hao" fragrance (from young buds), lotus fragrance, fresh fragrance, and chestnut fragrance. Ripe tea often exhibits aromas like ginseng, bean, aged fragrance, jujube, or camphor.
3. Taste Differences:
      Raw tea has a stronger, slightly bitter, and astringent taste, with a quick sweet aftertaste and saliva-inducing effect. Ripe tea has a mellow and smooth taste, rich and soft with a lingering sweetness, and no bitterness or astringency. Raw tea is intense, with a pronounced tea energy and higher stimulation. When brewed with high-temperature water, it produces a fresh and fragrant tea soup that is sweet but thin, with a slight bitterness. Ripe tea is thick, sweet, and smooth, offering a rich and soft texture upon tasting.
4. Differences in Production Process:
      Raw tea is made from freshly picked tea leaves that undergo processes such as fixation, rolling, and drying, followed by natural aging without fermentation. Ripe tea is processed through fermentation (piling) before being made into tea.
5. Differences in Health Benefits:
      Raw tea can cleanse the intestines, lower fat content, refresh the mind, reduce blood pressure, and aid in weight loss. Ripe tea helps lower fat and blood pressure, prevents arteriosclerosis, relieves constipation, acts as a diuretic, nourishes the stomach, improves skin health, and aids in weight loss. It is particularly suitable for middle-aged and elderly individuals, as well as those with a cold stomach. Raw tea is rich in tea polyphenols, which provide anti-radiation and anti-cancer effects. It has a cool nature and offers benefits such as clearing heat, relieving summer heat, detoxifying, quenching thirst, aiding digestion, and promoting bowel movements. Ripe tea, after fermentation, produces new nutrients under the action of enzymes.
6. Different Brewing Methods:
      For raw Pu-erh (new tea), use slightly lower water temperature and shorter steeping time. For raw Pu-erh (aged tea), use boiling water and allow for appropriate steeping. Ripe tea should be brewed with boiling water.
7. Differences in Storage Methods:
      Raw tea should be stored away from light, sealed, protected from moisture, kept at a low temperature, and shielded from oxidation. Ripe tea should be stored in a ventilated, light-protected, sealed, and moisture-proof environment.

These are the distinctions between raw tea and ripe tea. Both types have their unique characteristics, and the choice can be made based on personal taste and needs.